Showing posts with label rear. Show all posts
Showing posts with label rear. Show all posts

Monday, November 12, 2012

Transaxle Fluids

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While a single lubricant for both transmissions and rear axles of certain automobiles is desirable, Hunsted et al.^28 ,when reviewing the situation with regard  to such fluids, concluded that as of January 1960 considerable  work  remained  to be done on transaxle fluids to achieve optimum results. Up to that  time  some  42 mineral  oil base and  synthetic base  fluids, with  various  additives, had  been  evaluated and only  three showed  any  promise  for  future  development. Since  it is  impractical  to  suggest even  tentative  formulations, all that  can be  done is to  indicate  the  requirements and  the handicaps.
A  transaxle  fluid  should  have  all  the  desirable  characteristics  of ATF and  in  addition  should  have  sufficient  EP value  to  lubricate  hypoid  gears. The above statement should be modified in that the desirable characteristics of ATF should also be maintained while in service. Thus, when  the  fluid is subjected to the  shear  effect of mating  gears, polymer type  additives may  lose  a large  part  of their  effectiveness  due  to  breakdown  of the  polymers to  lower  molecular weight  products. Therefore  base  fluids with  inherent  high  V.I. or  polymers of  initially  lower molecular  weight  are  dictated  in the  formulations.
EP agents  used  should  have no  adverse  effect  on any  of the  components of the  automatic transmission such  as  clutch  materials, various   metals, synthetic seals, etc. Of  course the most desirable  transaxle fluid  would  be  one  which  could  be  sealed  in a  case  and serve the  life  of the  car  but  first  a  fluid which  will perform  satisfactorily when  changed  periodically  will serve.
According to  Celanese  a  trimethylolpropane  ester  with  an EP additive  offers promise  for use  as a transaxle  fluid. Another suggestion for the purpose is methylchlorophenyl containing about 3 per cent chloride.

Monday, May 21, 2012

Demands made on gear and transmission lubricants

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Mention  of  some  of  the  demands  made  on  gear  and  transmission   lubricants  may  well  serve  as  a  further  justification  for  the  assembly   and   publication  of   the  information   to  follow. Reviewing the problems confronting the automotive industry, Raymond^9  considers  the  hypoid   axle  to  be  the  hardest  working   and  perhaps  the  most  neglected  automotive   component. It  is  said  to  be  far  easier  to  deliver  increased  horsepower  and  torque  to  a  rear  axle   than    to  build  satisfactory  durability  into  such  a   critical  unit  which  is  confined   by  size   and  weight  limitations. Since  higher  engine  horsepower  and  automatic   transmissions  have  greatly  increased   low  gear  loading  and  higher  pinion  offset   has  produced  more  sliding   motion  between   gears, Raymond^9  con-  clues: Lubricants   thus   have  become  a  limiting  factor    in  the  load  carrying   capacity  of  American  axles.
 Automatic   transmission  fluids  offer  another  challenge  to  the  oil  industry   in  that  a  complex  combination   of  requirements   exists   for  such  fluids, and  Raymond^9  believes  that  the  future  appears  to  offer  a  still  greater  challenge  in  severity  of  automotive   transmission  operation.
In  addition  there  is  a  tendency  for  the  use  of  a  single  gear  oil  to  per  from  several  functions. For  example , a  lubricant  may  be  called  upon  not  only  to  protect  bearings  and  gears  against  wear  and   corrosion, but  also  to  act  as  a  hydraulic  medium. Likewise, an  automatic  transmission  fluid, the  primary  purpose  of  which  is  that  of  a  torque  converter, may  also be  called  upon to  lubricate hypoid  axles   in  the  future.
The  severe  conditions  under  which  some  gear  oils  operate  is  stressed   by  Hundere^5   who   states: “ The  most  difficult  function  that  a  gear  lubricant   must   perform  is  that  of  preventing  excessive  metal  to  metal  contact  in  the  region  of  maximum  sliding   velocity. When  it  is  realized   that  the  unit  loading  at  the  point   of  contact  is  as  high  as  400,000  psi  and  the  sliding  velocity   is  as  high  as  6,000   fpm, it is  amazing   that  excessive    wear, let  alone  fusion,  can  be  avoided.’’
It  is  quite   evident  from  the  above  that  constant   improvement  in  qualities  of  gear  lubricants  is  necessary  to  meet  changing   demands. In  spite  of  the  upgrading  of  such  products, they  are  universally  available  at  reasonable  costs. It  is  well  to  keep  in  mind  that, from  an  economic  standpoint, the  benefits  of  correct   lubrication, including  that  of  gear  sets,  are  mainly  due  to  reduction   in  breakdown  or  maintenance   and  consequent   decrease   in  loss  due  to  downtime   or  curtailed   production. This  holds  true  for  both  transportation  and  manufacture. Saving s   in  power  and  frictional   energy,  while   often  attributed   to  correct  lubrication, are  small   compared   with  the  first  benefits   mentioned.

 

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