Meat Packing and Gear Lubrication

Most of the machinery in meat packing plants is subjected to moisture and thus the conditions are such that rusting occurs. For this  reason  gear  cases  should  be  tight  to  prevent  entry of water. Even so, the gear oils used should contain a rust inhibitor. Another  factor  to  consider  is that  the  temperatures  to  which  the  lubricant  is  exposed  will  be  below  normal. Therefore, low cold test oils should be employed. Gear reduction units found in most packing plants may consist of spur or worm gears. A number  of these  will be on  conveyors and in  general  an oil  of 300 to 500  viscosity  SUS  at 100 degree F  and  containing  both  oxidation and rust  inhibitors  should  be  used. For the worm drives a compounded oil of 125 to 150 SUS at 210 degree F is best. When making frankfurters or sausages, grinders and mixers are used. The grinder will probably be driven by a motor coupled to a herringbone gear. The  mixer may  consist  of a hopper  with  paddle  agitators which  are  driven  through a reduction  gear. In either case the 300 to 500 oil noted above may be used on the enclosed gears. A reservation should  be made  that if gear  reducers operate in a cold  room  where  the temperature  is near  or below  zero, it  will be best  to use  a low  pour  point oil  of 150 to 200 viscosity SUS  at 100 degree  F. Occasionally open  gears  will be  found  in packing  plants. If this is true, residual type oil having a viscosity of 500 to 1000 SUS at 210 degree F and containing a rust inhibitor should be used as needed.

Cement Mills Gear Lubrication

The lubrication problems of gearing  in connection with  quarrying  and  handling  rock, shale etc., for  use  in  cement manufacture  will  be  treated under  the  section devoted to  surface  mining and  quarrying. In cement mills proper, grinding or pulverizing. Mixing,  conveying  and  heating  of  ingredients are  required  and  most  of these  operations  employ  gear  drives  which  in  turn  need  lubricants.

Dust  of an  abrasive  nature  is an  ever  present  possibility  in the case  of  any  gear  lubricants  in  cement  plants, even  in  enclosed  gear  cases. In  some  applications  this  threat  to  lubricated   surfaces  is  countered   by  the  use  of  circulating  oil  systems. If this manner of application is used, filtration is possible. This  is true with  some  types  of rock  crushers, such  as  gyratory  crushers or  hydraulic  cone  crushers. The  gear  oil  employed  in either  of  the  above  can  be  a  mild EP  type  having  viscosities  of 300  to  500 SUS  at 100 degree F.

Whether  the  process  used  for  cement  manufacture  is the  dry  or wet  one, agitators, conveyors, elevators, mixers, grinders and  various  other  mechanisms  are  driven  by gear  reducers  from  electric  motors. In  the wet  process  the  listing  may  include  pumps for  handling  slurries, thickeners  which  may  have  worm  drives, as well as  the first  types of  machines. A  general  recommendation, which  simplifies  the  storage  and handling of  gear  lubricants, is  to  use  a mild  EP  oil  having a  viscosity  of 300  to 500  SUS  at 100  degree F. If  the  EP  agent  includes  a  lead   soap, such  an oil  might  be used for worm  drives.

                                                                                 

Open gears are also found in cement plants. One illustration is a ring gear and pinion driving a ball or rod mill. Here  a  residual  type  of  petroleum  product  having  a  viscosity  of  2000 to  3000 SUS  at 210 degree F  can  be  used.  This  lubricant will  pick  up  and carry  with  it rock or  cement dust, and  since  this  will  be  true no  matter  what  the  viscosity of  the  product ,  the  best procedure  is  frequent application. By this means the excess lubricant will be rejected and carry with it some of the abrasive material.

Cement  kilns  are  rotated  by  a  speed  reducer, followed  by a  pinion  and girth  gear. Different methods for lubrication of the exposed pinion and gear have been used. While  dust and  grit  are  present, the main  problem  is heat,  radiated  from  the    hot  shell  of the  kiln  to the  gearing. High  melting  point  lubricating  greases  have been  used to  some  extent,  but  require frequent application  unless they  are  in the  form  of a brick  which  is  pressed  against  the  pinion. This method has led to excess consumption.

A  better  procedure  for lubrication  of  cement  kiln  girth  gears  and  pinions is to  provide  a bath  for the latter. Cylinder stocks or SAE 250 EP gear oils have been used in this bath. In  this case,  the cylinder  stock  used  should  have  a  minimum  flash  point  of 600 degree F. However, perhaps  the  most  common  method of  lubrication of such  a drive  is to use  residuum  having a viscosity of about 5000 SUS at  210 degree F. This can be heated to aid in application. Also this  open  gear  lubricant may contain  three  to  five  per  cent  of  graphite  or  molybdenum  disulfide, which  of course are  no melting  and will  adhere  to the  gear  teeth and act  as a  lubricant.