Deposit Forming Tendencies of Aircraft Turbine Lubricants

This test method describes  a procedure for  determining the  deposit  and  sludge  forming  tendencies  of  aircraft gas  turbine  lubricants when  a sample  of the  oil is circulated  under  controlled conditions...

Corrosion fog cabinet

A number of test  methods, of which  this is one, make  use  of  bench  tests to  indicate  how  well  a lubricant will  protect steel  from rusting. These  methods  are  most  often  used  for  comparatively  low...

Chlorine in lubricating oils

In the first  methods the  sample  is oxidized  by  combustion  in a  bomb  containing  oxygen  under  pressure. The  chlorine  compounds thus  liberated  are  absorbed  in a  sodium carbonate  solution...

Chemical Analysis for Metals in Lubricating oils

These methods of chemical analysis are intended  for the  determination of barium, tin, silica, zinc, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in  new  and used  lubricating  oils. Other metallic elements, sulfur, phosphorus and  chlorine in  amounts ...

Sulfur in Gear Oils

In this method  the sample is vaporized  and  burned in a  stream of air, and  the  oxidation completed  by passing  over  quartz particles  maintained  at a temperature  of 950 to 1000 degree C. The combustion  products are then ...

Pentane and Benzene Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils

Normals  pentane insolubles are the  insoluble  matter  which can be separated from a solution of oil  in n-pentane and  in addition  to benzene  insolubles, may  include  insoluble resinous  bitumens produced from the  oxidation of oil....

Aniline Point of Petroleum Products

Aniline point is the minimum equilibrium  solution temperature, generally given  in F although C is also used, for  equal  volumes  of  aniline  and  oil. Aromatic  compounds in oils  contribute to a low  aniline point  which  in ...

Missile and Space Vehicles Gear Mechanisms and their Lubrication

While details of space vehicles are not publicized, it can be expected that gears may enter, even if only for small instruments. These will no doubt be of a nature which will not require fluid lubrication. However, Hartman^24 mentions that there may be a gear drive between the turbine and the shaft...

Meat Packing and Gear Lubrication

Most of the machinery in meat packing plants is subjected to moisture and thus the conditions are such that rusting occurs. For this  reason  gear  cases  should  be  tight  to  prevent  entry of water. Even so, the gear oils used should contain a rust inhibitor....

Flour Milling and Gear Lubrication

Up to time grain enters the mills, conveyors are used for handling. These  may  take the  form  of screw,  bucket, ribbon or belt and  any  one of these  types can be  driven  by gear  reducers. A  turbine type of oil  having  a...

Construction Equipment in General and Gear Lubrication

While one should  not go contrary  to the  recommendations of the  supplier of construction equipment, practically all enclosed gears  on such  machinery  can  no  doubt  be  serviced with SAE 80  or SAE 90  EP or  MP gear oil....

Lubrication of Gear Sets on Agricultural Equipment

While some open gears are still encountered on farm machinery, modern equipment, for the most part, has precision cut gear sets operating in enclosed gear cases. Therefore, most gearing on farm machinery can be satisfactorily lubricated with two types of gear oils. First , for  open gears  a ...

Chemical Changes in steel surfaces During Extreme Pressure Lubrication

Analysis may aid in explaining the mechanisms by which gear lubricants, particularly EP oils, function. Which  it is  generally  accepted  that  iron sulfides, chlorides and  phosphates are  possible reaction products  of  EP additives  under extreme...

Zinc by paper Chromatography

The above methods are concerned primarily with unused lubricants and consequently a report by Goodwin and Begeman^6 are of interest. This  article  describes a methods  of  tracing  Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate  decomposition  in axle lubricants by  paper  chromatography....

Radioactive Tests for Metals in Oils

Tests in which the radioactivity of metals or their compounds is used as a means of determining their presence or concentration are largely confined to experimental investigations. This  is true  because, first  activated metals or  compounds must  be present  and ...

Clay processing Plants and gear Lubrication

Clays are the basis for a number of products, but the equipment necessary for processing the clay is much the same in each instance; consequently, lubrication problems have much in common. Clay based industries include brick manufacture, ceramics and tile. The earth may either be prepared at...

Nuclear Power plants Gear Lubrication

Present indications are that the principal gearing in nuclear power plants will be in connection with turbines. Such  reduction units should be  far  enough removed  from the area of high  radiation that no degradation  of the oil  from such  a source ...

Mixers and Gear Lubrication

Mixers include a wide variety of speeds, size and types of equipment; consequently, the lubrication of gear drives will be equally varied. Also, both enclosed and open gears will be encountered in such machines. Lacking  recommendations by the equipment manufacturer, one should  rely upon ...

Malfunctioning of Other Mechanical Elements

Misalignment may be due to wear of bearings and in extreme cases of failures it may be difficult to determine whether a bearing or a gear failed first. In case of bearing failures, when lubrication was at fault, either oil did not get to the bearing. Or the proper oil was not used. Where  a...

High speeds

The term “high” of course is relative but with pitch line velocities of several thousand feet per minute the lubrication of gears is not simple. Naturally, a low  viscosity oil is  required and the problems are : to have  assurance that a film  of oil  is present when the...

Leakage of Gear Oil onto Brakes

The most common reason for leakage of oil from differential gear cases onto brakes is overfilling of the housing. Under such conditions, the leakage will probably take place no matter how effective packing may be. Use of quite low viscosity gear lubricants, for example, SAE 75 grade in hot weather...

Helicopter Gear Lubricating Problems

Since the gearing in question is high speed, reference to a previous section, which deals with problems in lubricating high speed gears, may indicate similar problems. Also an investigation by peck et al.^39 is an aid in this regard. Under high speed conditions, good results were obtained by lubricating...

Limitations on Heating of Lubricants for Application

Heavy bodied lubricants, particularly residual types used on exposed gears, are often heated in order to make application easier. If such lubricants are straight mineral oil products, the amount and intensity of heat should not harm them. However, if additives are included, only a very moderate heat...

Problems in Connection with Flushing of Gear Cases

 Different problems may arise in connection with flushing gear cases. First the used oil should be removed from the case as  completely as  possible so that  contaminants  are also  removed  and none  of the Oxidized  oil  remains to act  as...

Processing Various Foodstuffs with Gear Driven Machinery

While  the listing of processes and  machinery used in handling and  preparing  foodstuffs  is not  complete, the examples  indicate  the gear lubricants which  are  suitable for such applications  and the precautions necessary in their use....

When to Change Gear Oil

The  ideal method of lubricating  enclosed  gear sets would be to place the  proper  amount  and quality  of gear  lubricant  is a  sealed case and  make  no  renewal  of the oil  during  the life  of the  mechanism....

Load carrying Capacity SAE Test Apparatus

As previously mentioned, this machine is a device in which two Timken test cups, no. T-48651, are rotated  in line  contact  with  each  other  and  in  opposite  directions, with  provision  for  controlling  the  speed ...

SAE Extreme Pressure Lubricant Testing Machine

Since  investigators  often  refer  to wear  tests using  the SAE EP Lubricants  Tester, this  apparatus  deserves  mention at  this point. The machine  was  constructed  under  the  sponsorship  of SAE  by  the ...

The Navy Gear Wear Tester

The Navy Gear Wear Tester is described in Federal Methods 791, Methods 335. The  equipment  makes  use  of  small  brass and  steel  gears,  but  Ninos  has  also  used  mating  gears  of other metals, such  as  brass...

Cement Mills Gear Lubrication

The lubrication problems of gearing  in connection with  quarrying  and  handling  rock, shale etc., for  use  in  cement manufacture  will  be  treated under  the  section devoted to  surface  mining and  quarrying. In...

Power Take off Tractor Lubrication

Farm  tractors  from  different  sources  employ  various  types  of power  take off  devices. Therefore, a common recommendation cannot be given for lubrication of such equipment. In  order to  regulate  the  speed  of...

Methods of Application of Gear oils to Heavy Duty Gears

Older equipment employing heavy duty gears may make use of bath systems   for application. Many  plants  have  converted  such  systems  to  circulating  application such as  is used  on...

Industrial Application of Gear Lubricants

While  it  is  impossible  to give  specific  recommendations  for the  choice  and application of gear  lubricants for  every  type  of  mechanism  which  quently  of  lubrication is possible. Designations ...

Dynamic Loading of Automotive Hypoid Gears

While the  tests just described  permit  rating and screening  of  gear  oils  for  various purposes, an illustration of  further tests, their result  and  the  conclusions reached,  indicate  both  the  possibility of ...

Load Carrying Ability of Lubricating oils at 400 Degree F

Federal Test Method 6511 describes a procedure for determining load carrying ability of lubricating oils at 400 degree F with respect to gears. Using  a  modified  Ryder  Erdco  Test  Drive  System operating  at 10,000 rpm, the  lubricant  to a ...

Automatic Transmission Fluid proving Ground Tests

Satisfactory operation of such  fluid is  observed  during  a 2000 mile  schedule  on proving  Ground Automatic   Transmission  Performance Test  Schedule. This requires a new or rebuilt Hydro Matic transmission   in stalled in a car....

Continuous Automatic Bending

Continuous  automatic blending of  gear  oils  is  accomplished  by  synchronizing  a  series  of pumps  and  meters  so that  desired  proportions  of  ingredients are  fed  to a  blender  or  homogenizer ...

Wheel Type Tractors and their Gear Lubrication

According to  Caterpillar, transmissions of a  few  models of wheel  type  tractors  require series  3 motor oils in an  SAE  30  grade above 32 degree F  and  in an  SAE  10W   grade  for  lower  starting  atmospheric ...

Wear Prevention Agents

A number of investigators have distinguished between wear prevention and EP agents in lubricants. The  former are  effective  by  a  chemical  polishing action, which  takes  place  at a  lower  temperature  than  does  the  formation...

Water in Petroleum products and other bituminous materials

This  method  is  intended for  use  in the  determination of water in bituminous  products  which  would  include  asphaltic  residua  used as  exposed gear  lubricants. A sample  of  the  product in ...

Viscosity Index Improvers

While  the change in viscosity  of lubrication oils with  change  in temperature  can  be  reduced  by  the  addition  of  certain  long  chain  polymers, such  use  in gear  oils  is not  common....

Various Fluids as Gear Lubricants

While a  number of  viscous fluids have no  doubt  been used  as  gear lubricants, most of these, other than the  petroleum or synthetic  oils, are  deficient in  desirable  characteristics. However, glycerol has been   suggested as...